Education (part two)

Schools has changed a lot since Jules Ferrie's reform. Pre-school and primary school were accessible to everyone. But beyond, only rich people could send their children to secondary school, grammar high school and university. Now, whatever the social class, these schools are opened, however some schools remain elitist due to the expensive fees.

School today

The school landscape has changed. All French schools are mixed and girls'education was very encouraged. Moreover, they are no longer confined to learning to so-called female occupations (cooking, sewing, housework, childcare) but access to other trades has widened. Moreover, education has indeed democratized.

The french education system

Schooling starts at 3 years but it is compulsory to the age of 6 years up to 16 years. In general, the child remains three years in kindergarten (or four years if he began his schooling at 2 years).
Then he continued his learning at the primary school for five years.
It connects with the secondary school. He stayed four years.
Then the student returns to grammar high school to remain there three years. Some go to the general high school and vocational school others will. At the end of his studies, he spent his A'level, precious document, for higher education.
Finally, the student completes his studies in either a faculty or in a University Institute of Technology, or in a high school to prepare a Higher Technological Baccalaureate.

Academic Education division

France is divided into academy, we have 26 and each one is led by the rector. These are grouped into three areas from 1964-1965 (zone A, zone B, zone C). This helps to better manage departures and holiday returns, but also to promote tourist activities. However, students have their school holidays all at the same time as the Christmas holidays and summer vacation.

School holidays

From kindergarten to high school, students say 4 holiday periods school holidays lasting 15 days and major holidays or summer vacation that count eight weeks vacation, extending early July to early September.

School days

Pupils in kindergarten and primary school are in school every day except Saturday and Sunday. On Wednesday, students only make it in the morning.





L'école d'aujourd'hui

Le paysage scolaire a changé. Toutes les écoles françaises sont mixtes et l'éducation des filles a été très encouragée. De plus, elles ne sont plus cantonnées à apprentissage vers des métiers dites féminins (cuisine, couture, travaux ménagers, puériculture), l'accès à d'autres métiers s'est élargi. De plus, l'enseignement s'est bel et bien démocratisé.

Le système éducatif français

La scolarisation commence à partir de 3 ans mais elle est obligatoire à l'âge de 6 ans jusqu'à 16 ans. D'une manière générale, l'enfant reste 3 années à l'école maternelle (ou 4 année si celui-ci débute sa scolarisation à 2 ans).
Ensuite il poursuit son apprentissage à l'école primaire pendant 5 ans.
Il enchaîne avec le collège. Il y reste 4 ans.
Puis l'élève rentre au lycée pour y demeurer 3 ans. Certains vont au lycée général et d'autres vont au lycée professionnel. A la fin de son cursus, il passe son baccalauréat, précieux sésame, pour les études supérieures.
Enfin, l'étudiant termine ses études soit dans une faculté, soit dans un Institut Universitaire Technologique, soit dans un lycée pour y préparer un Baccalauréat Technologique Supérieur.

Découpage académique

La France est découpée en académie, on en compte 26 et chacune est dirigée par le recteur. Celles-ci sont regroupées en 3 zones depuis 1964-1965 (zone A, zone B, zone C). Cela permet de gérer au mieux les départs et les retours de vacances, mais aussi pour favoriser les activités touristiques. Cependant, les élèves ont leurs vacances scolaires tous en même temps comme les vacances de Noël et les vacances d'été.

Les vacances scolaires

De la maternelle jusqu'au lycée, les élèves ont 4 périodes de vacances dites vacances scolaires qui durent 15 jours et les grandes vacances ou vacances d'été qui comptent 8 semaines de vacances, s'étendant au début de juillet jusqu'au début de septembre.

Les jours d'école

Les élèves des écoles maternelles et primaires vont à l'école tous les jours sauf le samedi et le dimanche. Le mercredi, les élèves s'y rendent seulement le matin.

Education (part one)

Schools start at 3 years-old and the legal age to stop the scholarship is 16 years-old. But rare are teenagers who stop at this age. They follow as later as possible.

History of education in France

First schools already existed in the time of Gaul. It was druids who taught to sons of nobles. Prima magisters gave lessons at municipal schools, the first secular schools were born when Romans conquered Gaul by Jules César in 58-51 bef. JC. They welcomed girls and boys from 7 to 12 years old coming from middle class.
At Vth and VIth century, Church took over, parochial schools managing by priests and monastics schools which the education was specific in order to train novices by monks.

Something new happened about education with Charlemagne end of VIIth century. The organization of school and pedagogy pushed themselves forward. Charlemagne ordered that priests are responsible for schools in small towns, that they teaches to all children of faithful and to settle for the present of children's parents. No services will be asked in return.Grammar, songs and psalms must be taught in all the monasteries and bishoprics.

Charlemagne invented school which the name is the "Palace" in all his travels. He deals with teacher training.
In the XIIth century, a massive school enrollment appears.The bourgeoisie understands the value of education. She used to train business people to be more effective.
In the mid XVth century, the school is once again in turmoil caused by the Hundred Years War and the Black Death.

Primary school reappeared in the XVIth century by Church. Martin Luther, a reformist monk, allows to girls to access to the knowledge.

Napoleon Bonaparte created high schools.

Early 19th century, only rich families sent their children at school because they had to pay teachers, books. For some children, they had to work in order to bring a salary for the home, instead of going to school.

When Jules Ferry was minister, he decided that all public schools should be mandatory and free. In 1833, a
law obliged each village and cities to open a school for all children. In the cities, there were one school for boys, one school for girls.





L'école existait déjà du temps des Gaulois.C'était les Druides qui enseignaient aux fils des nobles. Les écoles communales, les premières écoles laïques, dont les cours étaient assurés par les Prima magisters, ont vu le jour lorsque les romains ont conquis la Gaule par Jules César en 58-51 av JC. Elles accueillaient des filles et des garçons de 7 à 12 ans issus des classes moyennes.
Au Vème et VIème siècle, l'Eglise reprend le flambeau, les écoles paroissiales tenues par les curés et par l'école monastique dont l'enseignement est plus spécialisé. Il s'agit là de former des novices. Ce sont les moines qui en ont la charge.
On assiste à un renouveau dans le domaine de l'enseignement avec Charlemagne fin VIIème siècle. L'organisation de l'école et la pédagogie se mettent en avant. Charlemagne ordonne que les prêtres soient responsables des écoles dans les bourgs, qu'ils enseignent à tous les enfants des fidèles et qu'ils se contentent ce que leur offrent les parents. Aucun service ne sera demandé en contrepartie. La grammaire, les chants et psaumes doivent être enseignés dans tous les monastères et les évêchés. Charlemagne a inventé l'école du Palais qui le suit dans tous ses voyages. Il s'occupe de la formation des maîtres.
Au XIIème siècle, une scolarisation massive apparaît. La bourgeoisie comprend l'intérêt de l'enseignement. Elle sert à former les hommes d'affaire pour qu'ils soient plus performants.
Au milieu du XVè siècle, l'école se retrouve à nouveau dans la tourmente causées par la guerre de cent ans et la peste noire.
L'école primaire est réapparue au XVIe siècle par l'église. Martin Luther, un moine réformateur, permet aux filles d'accéder à la connaissance.
Napoléon Bonaparte a créé le lycée.
Début du 19e siècle, seules les familles riches envoyaient leurs enfants à l'école parce qu'ils devaient payer les enseignants et les livres. Pour certains enfants, ils devaient travailler afin d'apporter un salaire pour la maison, au lieu d'aller à l'école.
Lorsque Jules Ferry était ministre, il a décidé que toutes les écoles publiques devraient être obligatoires et gratuites. En 1833, une loi oblige chaque village et les villes d'ouvrir une école pour tous les enfants. Dans les villes, il y avait une école pour les garçons, une école pour les filles.


http://www.gb-provence.com/ecole_historique.htm
http://www.etab.ac-caen.fr/ecolespubliques.cantonbricquebec/2010/sottevast/pages/ecole.html
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole

General introduction of France

FRANCE

Generalities

It is a country situated at the western of Europe. Its surface is 640,679 km² and 66,616,416 people who live in France. This country includes the overseas territories and the overseas departments as well as Corsica. 

The capital of France is Paris. It is the largest city of the country. There are some many sites to visit: the famous Eiffel tower, Les Champs Elysées, Museums, and other beautifull places. I will write later an article about Paris and the others areas in France to visit.

Metropolitan Climates are different about is the place: 

• the climate is oceanic in the west and in the northwest (summers are warm and winters are cool),
• it is semi-continental in the north-east (summers are hot and winters are coid),
• you will find a mediterranean climate in the south and in the southeast (summers are hot and winters are mild),
• a mountain climate in Alps, Pyrenees, Massif Central, Jura and the Vosges ( mild summers are mild and winters are cold).

In the overseas area, the climate is generaly tropical, it is dry and wet season. But we can find different climates too:

• equatorial climate in the French Guiana, all year long temperature is high,
• in Saint-Pierre et Miquelon and in most of the French Southern and Antartic Lands, people know mild summers and short and cold and long winters.

France is identified by the tricolore flag (blue, white, red), by La Marseillaise the anthem and by the motto: Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité. The national personification is Marianne. She is represented by the bust of a woman and seen in all town halls in France with the photo of the current President. All these symbols has came from the revolution. 

French people are symbolised by a man wearing a cap, carrying a baguette and a bottle of Wine. Baguette and wine are famous but cheese too. There is a range of variety of cheese. Each region has their own cheese, for example Franche-Comté: the Comté cheese, Normandie: the Camembert, the Roquefort comes from the town of Roquefort situed in the Massif Central... France is also famous with its cooking, fashion.

There are so many informations about France that I will develop in the further articles. To know more, click here!